由于想在Rstudio中做EEG相关分析，安装了anaconda并在Rstudio全局选项中选择了创建的虚拟环境。
library("reticulate") 后在执行Python示例代码：

import numpy as np
import mne
sample_data_raw_file = ('./sample_data/MEG/sample/sample_audvis_filt-0-40_raw.fif') #导入数据√
raw = mne.io.read_raw_fif(sample_data_raw_file) #导入数据√
raw.plot_psd(fmax=50) #报错行. 原本应该输出一张交互式图像

#J:\Anaconda\envs\mne\lib\site-packages\mne\viz\utils.py:137: UserWarning: Matplotlib is currently using agg, which is a non-GUI backend, so cannot show the figure. (fig or plt).show(**kwargs)

查找资料是要修改matplotlib的后端为qt5agg。故做以下尝试：

import numpy as np
import mne
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('Qt5Agg')

sample_data_raw_file = ('./sample_data/MEG/sample/sample_audvis_filt-0-40_raw.fif') 
raw = mne.io.read_raw_fif(sample_data_raw_file) 
raw.plot_psd(fmax=50)

运行以上代码跳出了交互式窗口但是是黑屏而且Rstudio直接崩溃了（R session Aborted）。

于是我用Jupyter notebook 运行相同的示例代码，发现里面开头有多一行% matplotlib inline，但是同样会报错而且没有交互页面：

UserWarning: Matplotlib is currently using module://matplotlib_inline.backend_inline, which is a non-GUI backend, so cannot show the figure.
  (fig or plt).show(**kwargs)

用相同的修改方式修改matplotlib的后端为qt5agg就可以正常跳出交互页面，报错也消失了。
在Jupyter notebook中如果不使用matplotlib.use(qt5agg)而是把% matplotlib inline改为% matplotlib qt也可以正常出图。

所以这是Rstudio的问题吗。希望有大佬可帮忙看下，感谢。

> sessionInfo()
R version 4.2.2 (2022-10-31 ucrt)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 22621)

Matrix products: default

locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=Chinese (Simplified)_China.utf8 
[2] LC_CTYPE=Chinese (Simplified)_China.utf8   
[3] LC_MONETARY=Chinese (Simplified)_China.utf8
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C                               
[5] LC_TIME=Chinese (Simplified)_China.utf8    

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] Rcpp_1.0.9      lattice_0.20-45 here_1.0.1      png_0.1-8      
 [5] digest_0.6.31   rprojroot_2.0.3 grid_4.2.2      jsonlite_1.8.4 
 [9] evaluate_0.19   rlang_1.0.6     cli_3.5.0       rstudioapi_0.14
[13] Matrix_1.5-1    reticulate_1.26 rmarkdown_2.19  tools_4.2.2    
[17] yaml_2.3.6      xfun_0.36       fastmap_1.1.0   compiler_4.2.2 
[21] htmltools_0.5.4 knitr_1.41

python虚拟环境信息：

>>> mne.sys_info()
Platform:         Windows-10-10.0.22621-SP0
Python:           3.10.8 | packaged by conda-forge | (main, Nov 22 2022, 08:16:33) [MSC v.1929 64 bit (AMD64)]
Executable:       J:/Anaconda/envs/mne/python.exe
CPU:              Intel64 Family 6 Model 140 Stepping 1, GenuineIntel: 8 cores
Memory:           15.7 GB

mne:              1.3.0
numpy:            1.23.5 {unknown linalg bindings}
scipy:            1.10.0
matplotlib:       3.6.2 {backend=agg}

sklearn:          1.2.0
numba:            0.56.4
nibabel:          4.0.2
nilearn:          0.10.0
dipy:             1.5.0
openmeeg:         Not found
cupy:             Not found
pandas:           1.5.2
pyvista:          0.37.0